![]() Accordingly, the individual being tested must actually be intending to deceive, not simply stating an untruth. ![]() The polygraph purports to measure the physiological effects of stress (presumably due to guilt) that are associated with lying. Conservation, which is a logical thinking ability attained during Piaget's concrete operational stage of development (around roughly ages 7-11), refers to a child's capacity to determine that a certain quantity remains the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size this does not explain why an infant might persist in looking in the first hiding place after a toy has been placed in a new hiding place (choice D is wrong).ĭ. Trust-versus-mistrust is the first stage of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, and does not explain why an infant might incorrectly look under the original red box even after observing the toy being hidden beneath the blue box (choice C is wrong). Infants with ambivalent attachment show stress when their parents leave, but do not want to be comforted when their parents return (choice B is wrong). Ambivalent attachment is part of Mary Ainsworth's Stranger Paradigm. ![]() This is most common in infants under 12 months of age (choice A is correct). In an A-not-B error, the individual perseveres in looking for an object in a location in which it was previously placed, even with the knowledge that it has been placed elsewhere.
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